If you think a 25% tariff is severe, brace yourself for tariffs that soar above 3,500%.

On Monday, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced significant tariffs on solar panels and related products imported from four Southeast Asian nations: Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. This decision comes after a year-long trade investigation that was launched under the Biden administration, focusing on allegations of unfair trade practices involving these countries.

The newly imposed tariffs vary dramatically, depending on the country and the specific manufacturers involved. For instance, solar cells produced in Malaysia by the South Korean company Hanwha have been assigned a comparatively modest tariff of 14.64%, which is the lowest rate among those affected.

In stark contrast, four manufacturers based in Cambodiaincluding Hounen Solar, Jintek Photovoltaic, ISC Cambodia, and Solar Long PV Techface staggering tariffs of 3,521.14%. This steep penalty stems from Cambodia's decision to cease cooperation during the U.S. investigation, resulting in these exorbitant tariffs.

The U.S. International Trade Commission is set to make a final determination regarding the tariff rates on these products by June 2, which will finalize the implications of this decision for the companies involved.

U.S. solar manufacturers, alongside foreign companies that have invested in domestic manufacturing, have been outspoken in their support for these antidumping tariffs. They accuse Southeast Asian manufacturers of engaging in predatory pricing practicesselling their products below production costs. Furthermore, the American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing Trade Committee has voiced concerns that these Southeast Asian companies enjoy an unfair competitive advantage due to government subsidies, which undermines the viability of U.S.-made solar panels.

The backdrop of this trade conflict is the increasing presence of Chinese-owned solar manufacturing facilities across Southeast Asia. As these companies have sought to navigate the complexities of U.S.-China trade tensions, they have found fertile ground in these Southeast Asian countries.

Interestingly, while Cambodia remains predominantly an agrarian economy, solar panels emerged as the nations top export to the U.S. last year, according to data from consultancy Oxford Economics. This highlights the rapid transformation of the Cambodian economy and the growing significance of the renewable energy sector.

Overall, the U.S. imported approximately $12.9 billion worth of solar equipment from the four Southeast Asian nations targeted by Mondays tariffs, which accounts for about 77% of total solar module imports, according to Bloomberg data.

In a statement released on Monday, the American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing hailed the Commerce Department's final tariff recommendations as a decisive victory for American manufacturing. They emphasized that enforcing trade laws is not merely a legal obligation but is crucial for rebuilding the industrial base, achieving energy independence, and safeguarding American jobs. Tim Brightbill, cochair of Wileys international trade practice and lead counsel to the Alliance, remarked, Enforcing our trade laws isnt just a legal matterits essential to rebuilding our industrial base, securing our energy independence, and protecting American jobs.

This news item was originally featured on Fortune.com.